expansion method to unfold proton recoil spectra

Expansion method to unfold proton recoil spectra by JoМ€rgen Kockum Download PDF EPUB FB2

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS 82 () ; NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING CO. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR AN EXPANSION METHOD TO UNFOLD PROTON RECOIL SPECTRA J. KOCKUM AB Atomenergi, Studsvik, Nyking, Sweden Received 18 February The recoil spectrum is unfolded by expanding the neutron spectru series, the coefficients of which are A method to unfold   An Expansion Method to Unfold Proton Recoil Spectra J.

Kockum This report is intended for publication in a perodical. Referen­ ces may not be published prior to such publication without the consent of the author.

AKTIEBOLAGET ATOMENERGI STUDSVIK, NYKOPING, SWEDEN An expansion method to unfold proton recoil spectra Kockum, J. Abstract. The recoil spectrum is unfolded by expanding the neutron spectrum as a product of the derivative of the recoil spectrum and a power series, the coefficients of which are determined by a least squares fit.

Proton recoil spectrum unfolding Two computer codes for unfolding recoil proton pulse height spectra from NE scintillation detectors were tried for the present purpose. One based on matrix inversion of the detector response functions, FORIST [4] and the other based on the derivative method The proton recoil technique using plastic scintillators is employed to measure fast-neutron spectra.

Associated gamma-ray background is eliminated by using various thicknesses of thin scintillators. The method, based on different ranges of electrons and protons in the detector material, is shown to be useful for measuring neutron spectra over In [9], the author proved that almost all trees are cospectral.

In [7], the authors provided a method for constructing NDS graphs. That is, constructing non-isomorphic graphs with the same   A series of recoil proton track images were generated using the Geant4 toolkit as the detector response. The neutron energy spectrum was unfolded via a genetic algorithm.

Compared with 1-D recoil proton track images, this method has the advantage of being able to achieve a finer resolution for the energy :// The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information A second proton scatter by a neutron provides the spatial information necessary to determine the incident neutron energy and direction.

Fig. shows an example of a CCD image of a double scatter event displaying two recoil proton tracks from a single MeV neutron incident from the top of the figure. The greater ionization at the end of Proton recoil counter limit of detection Determined by the statistical uncertainty and acceptable measuring time.

Assume a required number of counts is at least a few tens of thousands of events. Necessary count rate for a 2 h measurement is about 5 cps: Fast neutron fluence rate ≈ 5x cm-2 s-1, or Dose equivalent rate of µSv h-1   1. Introduction. The history of proton therapy began in when Robert Wilson published a seminar paper in which he proposed to use accelerator-produced beams of protons to treat deep-seated tumors in humans (Wilson, ).In that paper, he explained the biophysical rationale for proton therapy as well as the key engineering techniques of beam :// Proton recoil spectra were acquired by gating the detector’s pulse height response with the relevant portion of the pulse shape discrimination spectrum, and the neutron spectra were unfolded by a computer program similar to that of Toms () and based on the differential method of Poole ().

A proton recoil method for measuring D-T neutron energy spectra using polyethylene film and a Si(Au) surface barrier detector is presented. The book is a complete, clear and up-to-date text An expansion method to unfold proton recoil spectra. The solar flare proton rigidity spectra for several flares occurring between and have been deduced from the ground level cosmic   A neutron/.

ray discriminator based on the method of Adams and White but using two Analog-To-Digital Converters (ADC's) similar to the design of Morris et al has also been designed and its performance evaluated by using it in combination with MATXUF and MATXUF2 to unfold neutron.

ray spectra for some standard sources and We then used the response matrix to unfold the energy distribution of neutrons produced via several reactions, i.e. spontaneous fission, d(d,n)3He, 27Al(d,n)28Si, and 9Be(alpha,n)12C. Organic scintillators based on deuterated compounds show a fast response and good gamma-neutron discrimination capability, similar to proton-based :// Combining the recoil proton spectrum and response matrix, the unfolding of neutron spectra was performed by GRAVEL iterative algorithm.

A MatLab program based on the GRAVEL method The counts of the Bonner spheres for IAEA neutron spectra were used as a database, and the artificial neural network and the maximum entropy method were used to unfold neutron spectra; the mean Explore our resource section including good practice guides, papers, Insights magazine, software, Q&A's and more.

Journal Article: Energy Calibration of Gamma Spectra in Plastic Scintillators using Compton Kinematics. The history of proton therapy began in when Robert Wilson published a seminal paper in which he proposed to use accelerator-produced beams of protons to treat deep-seated tumors in humans (Wilson ).In that paper, he explained the biophysical rationale for proton therapy as well as the key engineering techniques of beam ://First Total Synthesis of (±)-Strychnofoline via a Highly Selective Ring-Expansion Reaction.

Andreas Lerchner; and BOOK REVIEWS. Advances in Polymer Science. Volume Degradable Aliphatic Polyesters Edited by Ann-Christine Albertsson (Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden). Springer-Verlag: New York, Berlin, Heidelberg. xii + Another option for a survey meter is a device based on recoil proton detection; the PRESCILA detector (Olsher et al ) uses an array of ZnS(Ag) scintillators coupled to a side view bi-alkali photomultiplier tube.

This device is much smaller and lighter than the WENDI-2, but its upper energy response is